| Words in square brackets are not used in vocabulary tests, and their meanings will be provided in classroom activities. However, you will need to study them for other quizzes and exams. |
1: Verbs
Verbs without direct objects and destinations (VQ6-3)
| 起きます |
to get up, wake up. [e.g., 6じに おきます: to wake up at 6] |
| 寝ます |
to go to bed, lie down. [e.g., へやで ねます: to go to bed in the room] |
| 始まります |
(Something) begins. [Xが はじまります: X begins] |
| 終わります |
(Something) ends. [Xが おわります: X ends] |
| 遊びます |
to have fun; to play. [Person と あそびます: play with (person); Xで あそびます: play by using X; Note that あそびます cannot take a direct object.] |
|
(organized activity) is scheduled (at time) [e.g., [10じに クラスが あります] |
Verbs with destinations (VQ6-3)
| 行きます |
to go. [Xに (or へ)えいきます: to go to X] |
| 来ます |
to come. [Xに (or へ)えきます: to come to X (where the speaker' is located)] |
| 帰ります |
to return (home). [Xに (or へえ) かえります: to return to X] |
| 入はいります |
to enter, go in. [Xに はいります: to enter X] |
Verbs with direct objects (VQ6-3)
| 食べます |
to eat. [Xを たべます: to eat X] |
| 飲みます |
to drink. [Xを のみます: to drink X] |
| 見ます |
to watch, look, see. [Xを みます: to watch/look at X] |
| 読みます |
to read. [Xを よみます: to read X] |
| 聞きます |
to listen. [Xを ききます: to listen to X] |
| 勉強します |
to study. [Xを べんきょうします: to study X; Xの べんきょうを します: to do the study of X] |
|
to do. [Xを します: to do/play/perform X] |
| 浴びます |
to take. [a shower] [シャワーを あびます: to take a shower] |
|
to jog. |
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to work part-time. |
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to do a presentation. [Also, プレゼンします] |
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to play tennis. |
| 運動します |
to exercise. |
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2: Nouns
Days and Weeks (VQ6-4)
| 今日 |
today |
| 明日 |
tomorrow |
| 明後日 |
the day after tomorrow |
| 週末 |
weekend |
| 今週 |
this week |
| 来週 |
next week |
| 再来週 |
the week after next week |
| 月曜日 |
Monday |
|
When [いつ クラスが ありますか: When do you have classes?] |
| 火曜日 |
Tuesday |
| 水曜日 |
Wednesday |
| 木曜日 |
Thursday |
| 金曜日 |
Friday |
| 土曜日 |
Saturday |
| 日曜日 |
Sunday |
| 何曜日 |
What day of the week? [なんようびに クラスが ありますか: What days of the week do you have classes?] |
| 今度 |
the next |
| 月水金 |
Mon-Wed-Fri [FYI: げつ か(あ) すい もく きん ど(お) にち: Mon-Tue-Wed-Thu-Fri-Sat-Sun] |
| 火木かもく |
Tue and Thu |
| 土日 |
Sat and Sun |
Frequency Expressions (VQ6-4)
| 毎日 |
everyday |
|
always |
|
usually |
|
often |
| 時々 |
sometimes |
|
[あまり + Negative: not very much/often; あまり must be followed by a negative expression. あんまり is the informal version of あまり.] |
| 全然 |
[ぜんぜん + Negative: not at all; ぜんぜん is usually followed by a negative expression.] |
Other Nouns (VQ6-5)
| 学校 |
school |
| 友達 |
friend |
| 家いえ |
home; house |
|
apartment |
| 映画館 |
movie theater |
|
office [Also, じむしょ] |
| お風呂 |
bath [おふろにはいります: to bathe] |
|
shower [シャワーをあびます: to take a shower] |
| お茶 |
green tea [Japanese tea] |
| 紅茶 |
black tea |
|
wine |
|
coffee |
|
TV |
|
news |
|
drama |
| 雑誌 |
magazine; journal |
| 新聞 |
newspaper |
|
radio |
| 映画 |
movie |
| 仕事 |
work, (full-time) job |
| 散歩 |
stroll |
|
party |
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video game [Also テレビゲーム; Compare: ビデオゲームを します: to play a video game; ビデオゲームで あそびます: play with a video game] |
| 買い物 |
shopping [かいもの(を)します: to shop]
Also, かいものに いきます "go shopping". |
| 水泳 |
swimming [すいえい(を)します: to swim]
Also, すいえいに いきます "go swimming". |
| 勉強 |
study [べんきょう(を)します: to study]
Also, べんきょうに いきます "go studying". |
|
part-time job [アルバイト(を)します: to work part-time]
Also, アルバイトに いきます "go to a part-time job". |
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presentation [Also, プレゼン(を)します: to do a presentation]
Also, プレゼンにいきます "go to (do) a presentation". |
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jogging [ジョギング(を)します: to jog]
Also, ジョギングに いきます "go for a jogging". |
| 仕事 |
work, (full-time) job [しごと(を)します: to work]
Also, しごとに いきます "go to work". |
| 散歩 |
stroll [さんぽ(を)します: to stroll]
Also, さんぽに いきます "go for a walk". |
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3: Particles
(1) topic marker
(2) contrast marker |
| at, in, on [location of activityで; どこで たべますか: Where do you eat?] |
| to, toward [Destination marker: がっこうに/へ いきます: go to school] |
| Direct object marker [Xを たべます: Someone eats X.; なにを たべますか: What do you eat?] |
| for [doing X] [marks the purpose of going [somewhere] to do X; スーパーに かいものに いきます: go for shopping] |
| with [と marks the person you do something together: Xと たべます: I eat (something) with X. Compare: ひとりで たべます: I eat alone.
] |
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4: Others
|
but [casual; Used at the beginning of a sentence] |
|
when? |
| 何曜日(に) |
on which day of the week? |
| 誰が |
who? |
| 誰と |
with whom? |
|
to where? [destination]; where? [location of objects and people] |
|
where? [location of activities] |
| 何を |
what? |
| 何で |
with what?; by using what? |
| 一人で |
alone; by oneself [e.g., だれと いきますか → ひとりで いきます: With whom will you go? → I will go by myself/alone.] |
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Well, let me see. |
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5: Language Structures
Subject
は/が |
Time
(に) |
Loc. of
Activity
で |
Person
と |
Means/
Tools
で |
Destination
に/へ |
Direct
Object
を |
Verb |
スミスさんは
|
にちようびに
|
うちで |
田中さんと |
ゲームで |
|
|
あそびます |
スミスさんは
|
あした |
|
田中さんと |
くるまで |
がっこうに |
|
いきます |
スミスさんは
|
3じに |
としょかんで |
田中さんと |
コンピュータで |
|
しゅくだいを |
します |
● Frequency + Vます/Vません. e.g., よく ききます; あまり たべません
● Purposeに いきます. e.g., かいものに いきます
● Specific Timeに します vs. Relative/Repeated Time します
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